Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. This chapter argues that in these larger attacks, these elites worked in collaboration with local established violent actors to suppress the threat of the new black leadership. While much Klan violence seems to have been committed by small local groups, two incidents were notable exceptions to this pattern: the two deadly jail raid executions conducted by large groups of socially elite Ku-Klux. In the wake of the Civil War, an effective black leadership emerged in the county that not only gained desirable elective and patronage positions, made meaningful connections with powerful leaders beyond the county, and began to prosecute white criminal actors and vice businesses that had long been tolerated in the county, and that many whites in the county depended upon. Based on a network analysis of social relationships taken from the county’s criminal indictment records, this chapter explains what, structurally, happened to patterns of violence in Union County when the Klan emerged there in 1868 and then again in 1871. This chapter explores the Klan’s emergence in Union County, South Carolina, a community with its own robust and articulated culture of racial violence. The translocal, disembodied idea of the Klan had to take root in specific local communities.

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